![]() B., Adhe, K., Putra, K., Khory, F., & Harianto, T. Some infants develop faster than others, and knowing this could help the parents and teachers know how to deal with each child.Īl Ardha, M. Parents and teachers should learn more about this as it will enable them to know their children better. In conclusion, the cephalocaudal and proximodistal development is necessary for the development of an infant. Their fingers then grow, and they can use them to write (Wright, 2016). When the legs are strong enough, they begin to walk and use their arms to carry things. The infant then starts crawling as they learn how to use their legs. The neck can support the head, and then the spine starts to be healthy. When infants are born, they gradually begin to strengthen their neck muscles. The exercises given to the children should be to build their motor development and should be gradual (Ardha, 2018) For example, a young child who hasn’t fully developed all the bones and muscles cannot be expected to perform tough exercises. In physical education, the teachers give the children exercises according to the development of the child. In school, the teachers have a responsibility for the child’s development. As the child grows, the parents of the infant begin to train the child on how to walk as the bones of the child begin to become strong. For example, when an infant is born, their bones are very weak, and the neck of the child cannot even support the head. ![]() Now let’s look at a framework for examining development.Cephalocaudal and proximodistal development help parents and teachers when it comes to supporting a child’s development. ![]() The key here is to understand that behaviors, motivations, emotions, and choices are all part of a bigger picture.3 Development is multicontextual.2 We are influenced by both nature (genetics) and nurture (the environment) - when and where we live and our actions, beliefs, and values are a response to circumstances surrounding us.Early experiences are important, but children are remarkably resilient (able to overcome adversity). Development is characterized by plasticity, which is our ability to change and that many of our characteristics are malleable.It is also important to note that a change in one domain may cascade and prompt changes in the other domains. The social and emotional domain (also referred to as psychosocial) focuses on changes in emotion, self-perception, and interpersonal relationships with families, peers, and friends.Īll three domains influence each other.The cognitive domain encompasses the changes in intelligence, wisdom, perception, problem-solving, memory, and language.The physical domain includes changes in height and weight, changes in gross and fine motor skills, sensory capabilities, the nervous system, as well as the propensity for disease and illness.We change across three general domains/dimensions physical, cognitive, and social and emotional. We show gains in some areas of development while showing loss in other areas. And early experiences affect later development. Development is lifelong and change is apparent across the lifespan (although this text ends with adolescence). ![]() There are several underlying principles of development to keep in mind:
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